Circe And Calipso Essays - Greek Mythology, Odyssey, Shapeshifting

Circe And Calipso ODYSSEUS: A MERE MORTAL, BUT PURELY MORAL In Homer's Odyssey, he utilizes the narratives of Calypso and Circe to give a peruser a brief look at Greek qualities. Odysseus is a ?consummately? moral man by Greek norms. In the Calypso scene, Odysseus exhibits the estimation of dependability, and in the Circe scene, he represents Greek qualities when all is said in done. While the two goddesses look for Odysseus to be their significant other, Odysseus reacts as an ideal Greek legend. During the Calypso scene, Homer educators that one must stay dependable in their souls. The Circe scene shows the devotion between an officer and his soldiers, internment rights, accommodation, and the connection among host and visitor. The Calypso scene clarifies how a man must be devoted to his significant other in his heart. The Calypso scene opens with a portrayal of how delightful her island of knolls and blossoms is and how ?even a deathless god who happened upon that spot would look in wonder, heart hypnotized with joy? (154). The story continues to portray the goddess as having an ?amazing voice? (154) and being ?glossy? (155). However, when the story portrays Odysseus, he is ?tweaking his heart with wails and moans and anguish? (156). Despite the fact that, Odysseus lives on a lovely island with a goddess who deals with him, he despite everything wishes to be at home. Odysseus perceives that reality that the island is wonderful, yet he despite everything yearns to be at home. Furthermore, Odysseus stays devoted to Penelope, not by cutting edge norms, however he picks Penelope over the goddess. At the point when Calypso addresses Odysseus, he perceives that reality that Calypso is increasingly delightful. Odysseus even notices that Penelope ?misses the mark? (159) of Calypso, yet, Odysseus' heart is with Penelope. Next, Odysseus must form a pontoon himself. However, he discovers this work insignificant since he is allowed to get back. He even understands that he may become wrecked or kick the bucket on the journey, yet he is happy to face these challenges to get back. The last temping offer to make Odysseus get some distance from his home and his better half is when Calypso offers him everlasting status to remain with her. Once more, Odysseus picks his property and his better half. In current occasions, laying down with a goddess would be viewed as unfaithful, however Greek qualities permit this if and just if the man despite everything wishes to get back and come back to his better half. In this manner, perhaps the most elevated an incentive for a Greek was to be devoted to their home and their spouses in their souls. The narratives including Circe depict a few qualities. The narratives depict neighborliness, the steadfastness between an officer and his soldiers, the connection among host and visitor, and entombment rights. At the point when the story starts with an examination on how visitors should be dealt with. Circe is a conjurer who invites a portion of Odysseus' soldiers into her home for food and drink. At that point, she made a mixture that would clear their recollections so when she hit them with her enchantment wand, they transformed into pigs. Zeus or Hermes more likely than not saw this scene since Hermes came to Odysseus with a ?powerful medication? (239) that would balance Circe's elixir. Since Zeus is the divine force of friendliness, Circe was off base by hurting her visitors as she did. In this way, Odysseus went to Circe with the medication, and when she endeavored to do something very similar, Odysseus had the option to triumph over fraud. In this manner, another significant Greek worth is to be benevolent to outsiders, treat them as visitors, and follow the cordiality decorum. The following occasion shows that the officer must be faithful to his soldiers. Circe offers Odysseus grand food with ?tidbits in abundance as well, shower with her abundance? (242), however her denies the food saying that ?any man in his correct brain? (242) couldn't acknowledge food ?before he'd liberated his companions in-arms and looked at them without flinching? (242). In this way, Greek officers must be faithful to one another. This is additionally shown when Circe sends for Odysseus' boat to come nearer to shore. Eurylochus falters and is mutinous against Odysseus' structure to achieve the boat. Odysseus, however, still stays faithful to him. Despite the fact that he ?had a large portion of a psyche to draw the sharp blade

Toyota Target Market Analysis free essay sample

Another business demonstrating a dad and child at a carwash additionally targets ladies since it centers around connections and unwavering quality, which are both essential to ladies. Toyota has likewise discharged â€Å"Mommy Like† ads for the Toyota Sienna smaller than expected van. Most Toyota advertisements center around the brands unwavering quality and wellbeing, which are two of the most significant highlights for ladies. Focusing on ladies is a brilliant showcasing procedure for Toyota since ladies impact 80 percent of procurement choices and make 50 percent of new vehicle buys (Edmunds. com). The cost for another Toyota ranges from $22,000 up to $65,000. These costs mirror the company’s endeavor to plan vehicles from essential to extravagance and market them to shoppers from lower white collar class to upper-working class. There are some very good quality vehicle organizations. While there are organizations who showcase increasingly costly vehicles, we picked Buick as a result of their promoting procedure. We have not seen numerous Buick plugs, nonetheless, the couple of times we have, it was publicized during a golf coordinate. We will compose a custom article test on Toyota Target Market Analysis or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Each game is advances to various socioeconomics. The segment that appreciates golf incorporate people who are â€Å"40 years old, wedded, [with a] family unit pay over $85,000 . . 60% of successive golf players have $100,000+ in speculations . . . 23% of golf players plan on purchasing or renting another vehicle inside 12 months† (Golf Direct Advertising). With a fourth of the golf showcase intending to purchase a vehicle in the following a year, Buick is astute to situate their image with customers in this market specialty, and can charge an exceptional cost for their item. Buick isn't the top of the line vehicle; be that as it may, on the grounds that they are as yet viewed as an extravagance brand, their beginning cost of $26,000 is truly sensible for a market section making over $85,000. Despite the fact that Tiger Woods is not, at this point their representative, it is away from lion's share of Buick’s promoting dollars are spent situating themselves among the golf first class. On the opposite finish of the purchasing range is Kia. Kia has many publicizing efforts that they have appeared alongside a few advancements that will in general get people groups consideration. At present, they utilize the motto, Kia, the ability to amaze however its nothing unexpected that the organization has had an expansion of deals this year, particularly with the economy wrecked. Until this point in time, they are positioned #2 for South Korea in assembling, for the year. We believe that KIA is attempting to interest everybody, except the objective market is for the more youthful ages, possibly new families, or love birds, single individuals, undergrads, lower salary families, or perhaps first time vehicle purchasers. They publicize on TV, the radio, and in some cases, less as often as possible, a nearby circulatory. They ordinarily do promotions explicit for the various vendors, rather than for the brand all in all. Regularly, deals acquire individuals the entryways, but since the economy has been shaky and buying enormous industry things has eased back down, it isn't sufficient. So notwithstanding the broadcasted deals, the low initial rates, as far as anyone knows simple financing, they likewise remember for a mellow frenzy that they are over stock and should begin making vehicles move out right away. Notwithstanding the publicizing, the advancements, and the new models being presented, we thought that it was intriguing that they have chosen to begin changing their picture. Regularly known for their littler vehicles and cars, they have begun including smaller than expected vans, SUVs, alongside the presentation of some extravagance models. Most, if not every one of them are upheld with KIAs 5-Year/60K Bumper-to-Bumper 100K Powertrain Warranties. Generally speaking, we feel that Kia needs to leave clients with the intrigue and feel that Kia is functional, interestingly planned, however at a considerably more reasonable rate than Mazda, Honda, or Toyota items. The primary objective market for Dodge is men. In 2010 the promoting for the Dodge Charger truly focused on men. A few promotions name the Charger as the â€Å"Man-Ship. † Another has the title â€Å"Man’s Last Stand. † The promotion shows tragic male countenances and you hear a voice run through a rundown of commitments, for instance, â€Å"I will get up and walk the canine at 6:30 a. m.

Module 2 Case Assignment Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Module 2 Assignment - Case Study Example CPI/Original Year CPI) * 100 = ((234-217)/217)*100 =7.834 Part III: 1. Joblessness Rate = (Number of individuals Unemployed/Number of individuals in the regular citizen work power) * 100 = (2500/30000) * 100 = 8.33 % 2. Presently 500 individuals have quit searching for an occupation so they won't be checked, as jobless neither one of the they will be included in the complete work power. So now joblessness rate is: ={(2500-500)/(30000-500)} * 100 =(2000/29500) * 100 =6.78% Part IV: 1. As should be obvious that the loan fees on the treasury bonds will in general increment throughout the years. The distinction among the rates in the securities is brought about by Maturity Risk Premiums. This is on the grounds that to contribute for a more drawn out period is generally unsafe because of the vulnerability in the monetary conditions. 2. The explanation that ‘the liquidity premium necessitates that an advantage can be sold both rapidly and for reasonable market value’ is bogus. This is on the grounds that the liquidity premium is paid to the financial specialists as a security. Since, the bonds ‘cannot be effortlessly changed over to cash’. They are paid a premium to make up for the illiquidity. 3. Expansion throughout the years = (Change in CPI/Original CPI) * 100 = ((105-102.5)/102.5)*100 = 2.439 % Therefore, yearly swelling rate over the 3 years is 1.02439. Separation 1 by the quantity of years, so we get 1/3. Presently, 1.02439 ^ (1/3) is 1.00806. Furthermore, taking away 1 from 1.00806 will give us the yearly swelling rate, which is 0.008064 or 0.8064 %. Financial specialists ought to require a 0.8064% expansion premium. 4. The yield bend won't have an upward slant yet rather a compliment bend since the financial specialists won't get high paces of enthusiasm on buying securities as the danger of contributing is zero and the estimation of their capital will continue as before. Part V: 1. As we think about the GDP levels of the US, Japan, Canada and the UK, we can see the patterns of the pace of their GDP development in the individual years from 2008 till present. During 2008, the GDP of the considerable number of nations expanded by a comparable figure that is around 1 to 1.5 percent. During 2009 the patterns changed for all nations as should be obvious anyway to shifting degrees. The GDP of all nations diminished. This is obvious from the negative pace of development as should be obvious where the GDP of Japan was exceptionally influenced and it fell by 9 percent. Nonetheless, the GDP of UK fell by 6 percent, of US around 5 percent and 4 percent for Canada. After 2010, the financial circumstance appeared to be better and the economies began to recuperate where Japan hit the pace of just about 14 percent, from a negative pace of 9 % to a positive 5. Different nations GDP likewise expanded with UK expanding least. In 2011, the pattern appeared to be fairly steady for the US and Canada. The rate diminished a little f or the UK. In any case, it was static on account of Japan until 2012. 2. The costs were expanding perseveringly during 2008 in all the nations. In any case, expansion rate in the US and in the UK was most noteworthy of around 4 percent. The expansion rate in Canada was around 3 percent while in Japan it was 2 percent. During 2009, in light of the financial emergency costs really diminished, as it is obvious from the figure, with Japan confronting flattening 2 percent and the US of about 1.75 percent. Canada confronted emptying of around 1 percent. While the costs in the UK didn't diminish, they rose at a lesser rate. Bit by bit costs began ascending during 2010 until 2012, with UK confronting most noteworthy pace of swelling, following the US and Canada at a comparable pace. Furthermore, Japan was as yet stuck in

Why Everybody Is Talking About Narrative Essay Interesting Shop Samples...The Simple Truth Revealed

Why Everybody Is Talking About Narrative Essay Interesting Shop Samples...The Simple Truth Revealed The New Angle On Narrative Essay Interesting Shop Samples Just Released Descriptive Essay on Market can be employed by tourists or visitors that don't have any prior understanding of a marketplace. Even a little walk farther down the street or a trip to the supermarket proved to be a great proof of the simple fact that the USA economy is all about six times larger than the Russian one. America is an excellent location, but it is advisable to know more about the major cultural differences before going here. The Unusual Secret of Narrative Essay Interesting Shop Samples When you compose a narrative essay, you're telling a story. The story needs to be well-detailed and organized to spell out the entire story and connect different components of it. Your story does not need to be too serious in the event the subject isn't tough. Telling a story isn't always straightforward and tel ling a terrific story is even harder. The body paragraphs supply the important characters of the narrative essay that's vital in creating an appropriate story. Narrative essays are told from a defined point of view, frequently the author's, so there's feeling along with specific and frequently sensory details given to find the reader involved with the elements and sequence of the story. A suitable conclusion will offer succinct information inside the essay by discovering the principal points about the characters and events of the story. Bear in mind that although the major part of a narrative is the story, details have to be carefully selected to support, explain, and improve the story. The Battle Over Narrative Essay Interesting Shop Samples and How to Win It The truth is that the auto park smart lighting Singapore has 2 standard goals to meet. The starting point of each story is true and it's very clear that, as a way to be worthy of being told, it has to be an interesting one. There lies the actual catch! All the details relate to the principal point the writer is trying to make. The 5-Minute Rule for Narrative Essay Interesting Shop Samples What's more, you must be somewhat distinct with the information that you use. Apply online and your interview is going to be scheduled within one day. You have to provide sensory details that will bring in the targeted audience. Don't forget you need to use vivid and specific particulars. The Narrative Essay Interesting Shop Samples Chronicles You're anticipated to have a concept of the readers in finding a necessary information from the essay. During admission, there's an essay requirement that is a portion of the admission procedure and the favourite essay is the narrative essay. When you compose a narrative essay, always guarantee that there's a moral to the story, or the entire paper is not going to make sense. The main matter to be mindful about in personal descriptive essay is that there shouldn't be any over-exaggeration. Essay Analysis Now let's review a couple of important points from using this sample essay. These Sample Scholarship Essays make a fantastic instance of narrative essays. Descriptive Narrative Essay Example may be used mainly to recreate an occasion. Tutorials, 303 words Writing an application is among the key steps for you to be admitted to the college of your selection. Templates like Descriptive Essay about Office can be helpful for someone who's planning to pay a visit to an office. Navigation Navigation is among the most sensitive components of a web site. Oversimplified navigation increases the simplicity of movement within the whole site to the clients. Last, use outside sources to help you receive the very best result possible. Decide on the kind of similes, metaphors and other literal devices which you can add to produce your work more interesting. It's more appealing and understandable in the event the words you're using are interconnected and are extremely ideal for the subject issue. If you're saying something, ensure you're making any sense. A personal narrative essay is just one of the greatest tools to stop social issues which are frequently disregarded. There are struggles that may easily be eliminated when you're in the early phases of writing your personal narrative essay. At times, however, a narrative isn't about such standard topics. Since the content of narratives essay can vary when it has to do with unique institutions, we've resolved to supply you with examples in the event you face an issue. Narrative essay is just one of the most fascinating kinds of essays. Narrative essays are frequently the norm in academia. They are classified under nonfiction and is based on experience. In that case, then you ought to attempt writing narrative essays. Such approach always pays off because it provides you an exceptional insight into the practice of essay writing that is directed at achieving excellent outcomes. The tricky thing about the narrative essay is there are always some limits to the sum of content you're able to give your readers with. With a profound sample, you'll be more mindful of what topic is more inclined to connect with your readers and what's going to miss the target. To pull in the intended audience effectively, you need to compose a captivating topic sentence that will function as a hook. Based on the duration of the essay, quite a few body paragraphs will be different. You should restate your most important points and earn an overview of those. Details in the body paragraphs need proper overview to enhance the comprehension of the readers. You may use the distribution of sentences to recognize the paragraphs that is going to be highly accepted by the audience.

Critique of Christmas Time in Charles Dickens A...

Critique of Christmas Time in Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol An audience members gleeful first-hand account of Charles Dickenss public reading of A Christmas Carol unwittingly exposes an often overlooked contradiction in the storys climax: Finally, there is Scrooge, no longer a miser, but a human being, screaming at the conversational boy in Sunday clothes, to buy him the prize turkey that never could have stood upon his legs, that bird (96). Perhaps he is no longer a miser but, by this description, Scrooge still plays the role of a capitalist oppressor, commanding underlings to fetch him luxuries. While Dickens undoubtedly lauds Scrooges epiphany and ensuing change, A Christmas Carol also hints at the authors†¦show more content†¦For Dickens, the altruism Christmas breeds is a false exercise in guilt-reduction, and the pat ending of A Christmas Carol reinforces this; the satisfaction of listening to a story whose conclusion is never imperiled (and grows more knowable with each years retelling) spares the reader the self-examinat ion Scrooge endures that a darker turn might provoke. Christmas is only a bright spot if the rest of the year is comparatively dark, and Dickens exposes this contrast through Scrooges nephews optimistic ruminations on Christmas timeÃ…  as a good time: a kind, forgiving, charitable, pleasant time: the only time I know of, in the long calendar of the year, when men and women seem by one consent to open their shut-up hearts freely, and to think of people below them as if they really were fellow-passengers to the grave, and not another race of creatures bound on other journeys. (8-9) The nephews breakdown between Christmas, the only time of the otherwise long calendar, corresponds to Gà ©rard Genettes terms for the narrative techniques singulative and iterative. The narrator is not exempt from optimistically meditating on the benevolent singulative at the expense of the malevolent iterative: And every man on board, waking or sleeping, good or bad,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens1395 Words   |  6 PagesMore than Just a Novel for the Christmas Season Christmas, the most joyous season of the year for many Christians. Yet, in the early Victorian era many industry and business leaders started to emerge as people who lacked the spirit of giving of kindness, particularly around Christmas. Charles Dickens, in eighteen forty-three penned a novel that to this day is one of the most beloved books of the Christmas season. Many view the book only as a seasonal novel to read as a young child or even an adultRead MoreThe Life Of Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol1062 Words   |  5 PagesThe Victorian Period lasted from 1832 to 1901 under Queen Victoria’s reign. 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During the Victorian Era, England was over populated and had terrible living conditions, with an enormous gap between the rich and the poor. Generally, people during the Victorian Era were not allowed to talk about things such as sex and crime, and had to live by strict social rules set by society. With the social disparitiesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesThree Ethical Decision Criteria 187 †¢ Improving Creativity in Decision Making 188 Summary and Implications for Managers 190 S A S A S A L L L Self-Assessment Library What Are My Gender Role Perceptions? 166 glOBalization! Chinese Time, North American Time 171 Myth or Science? Creative Decision Making Is a Right-Brain Activity 181 Self-Assessment Library Am I A Deliberate Decision Maker? 183 An Ethical Choice Whose Ethical Standards to Follow? 185 Self-Assessment Library How Creative Am I?

Alcoholism And Dependency Of Alcoholism - 924 Words

This paper analyzes five peer-reviewed articles and fact supported from books discussing about the disorder, which also includes, scholarly reference executed through research studies. The study was conducted through online and offline sources. The research study that will be the main focus of this paper will be on alcoholism and topics discussed on the dependency of alcoholism. One will come across with articles having different discuss on the effects, use of and dependency of alcoholism. The introduction section will include a brief definition of alcoholism. Overall the paper will discuss about the causes of alcoholism, effects of alcoholism, the treatment for alcohol dependence. Method section will discuss about the participants included in varies research studies. The studies focused on males, females, and adolescents. The results will have varies test used to examine the cause and effects of alcoholism and the dependence. As for the Discussion section, this will bring together all varies topics mention in the research paper. It will come to a conclusion about alcoholism and dependence. In order to understand the research studies conducted one should know the definition of Alcoholism. â€Å"Alcoholism isn’t a di sease but a disorder that is characterized by the extreme consumption of and dependence on alcoholic beverages, which advances to physical and psychological harm and impaired social and career functioning.† (Baye, 2007). Drinking patterns vary acrossShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcoholism On The Genetics Of Alcoholism Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different evaluation instruments that are used to test for alcoholism, the results are also used to help with the eventually treatment of the person diagnosed with alcoholism. 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Supply Chain Management of Homebase and Proposing Strategy

Question: Evaluate the supply chain management of Homebase and proposing strategy for reducing delivery costs? Answer: Introduction The word Supply Chain Management refers to the flow of services and goods. In this process, organizations store the raw materials, process the raw materials and ultimately promote the processed product among the consumers. Apart from that, this management system helps the companies in gaining competitive edge with the help of an effective supply chain process. According to Fawcett, Ellram and Ogden (2014), organizations are following step by step communication with different stakeholders for launching the product or services to the targeted market. In this competitive market, organizations are focusing on increasing product availability as per the product or service demand. As stated by Tayur, Ganeshan and Magazine (2012), it is highly important for the organizations to deliver the products or services as per the market demand. An effective supply chain management system is not only helpful for reaching to the targeted consumers, but also effective for creating a high market demand. This report is based on literature review is focusing on evaluating the supply chain management and its impact on organizational cost. The organization selected for this report is Homebase, UK, which retailer of home improvement products. Homebase deals with home improvement products since 1979 and the company operates from United Kingdome with over 265 stores all over the globe. The company especially deals with furniture, Kitchens products, outdoor living products, bathrooms accessories and gardening products. This report will emphasize that whether the company is considering the supply chain management as the key factor for reducing their delivery cost or not. Following is the literature review of supply chain management in relation with the activities of Homebase and the other organizations of this industry. Concept of Supply Chain management The process followed by the organizations for converting the raw materials into finished good and to deliver those finished goods to the consumers is known as the supply chain management. The concept of just in time is a method for reducing the time requirement of manufacturing process along with delivering the product within short time. This business method helps to deliver the product to the consumers within promised time (Fawcett, Ellram and Ogden 2014). As per the viewpoint of Seuring (2013), manufacture, sub-vendors, retailer and the service providers are responsible for conducting an effective supply chain within an organization. The entire process of an organization is focusing on fulfilling the market demand by delivering actual amount of finished goods. Moreover, Barney (2012) has mentioned that the way an organization has adopted for circulating their product or services is known as the supply chain process. For an example, the retail industry is dealing with the suppliers and the manufacturers for increasing product availability among the market. On the other hand, Ahi and Searcy (2013) identified that if a company is dealing with online product selling then the supply chain is including a product delivery section. There is different cost involvement in different stage of supply chain management and therefore, an effective supply chain management is highly important depending on the business process of the company. In case of Homebase, the company is providing delivery service to their consumers and therefore, the company is dealing with a strong logistic department (Zhu, Sarkis Lai, 2013). Apart from that, the delivery service involves a certain investment for conducting the whole process. Process of Supply Chain Management The supply chain management is a systematic process, which helps an organization in conducting the entire mechanism successfully (Brandenburg et al., 2014). The Kaizen Modelof management shows that continuous improvement in supply chain process is highly important in order to gain competitive advantage. This model focuses on five different aspects such as teamwork, personal discipline, improved moral, quality circles and suggestions (Green et al., 2012). On the other hand, the quick response approach helps an organization to communicate with the suppliers at top priority. Apart from that, an effective supply chain process should have a proper monitoring mechanism for getting successful outcome. Following is the five-step process of an effective supply chain management, which can facilitate an organization in circulating products among the targeted market. Plan: This is the first step of this process, which helps an organization to build an effective strategy for managing organizational resources to develop the services or the products. According to Pagell and Shevchenko (2014), in this process, manages and the employees of an organization is directly involved for developing an effective strategies. However, Hsu et al. (2013) argued that some managers are unwilling to consider the viewpoint of the employees while taking organizational decision. The research of Tseng and Chiu (2013) is showing that the planning process includes the ways in which the organization is going to utilize the resources. Resources include the raw materials and the workforce of an organization. In case of Homebase, the company is utilizing their resources such as workforce and raw materials for developing the products and services. Moreover, Lin (2013) has mentioned that the company is relying upon the employees decision for conducting the final decision-making process. The company is also focusing on delivering the products within the estimated time along with reducing the cost involvement. Majorly, the online retail organizations are considering the delivery cost while developing the strategy for supply chain management (Green et al., 2012). It helps the organizations in reducing organizational cost and increasing organizational profitability at the same time. Suppliers: In this step of supply chain management, organizations choose the supplies from the market. In this step an organization develop the pricing strategy, delivery process and the payment process as well. According to Winter and Knemeyer (2013), this is the most crucial activity of an organization, as choosing the proper suppliers for the products and services is highly important for getting successive outcome. The delivery cost is determined in this particular step. In case of retail industry, either the organizations are choosing the retailers or they are directly delivering the product to the consumers. In order to deliver the product directly to the consumers, organizations are relying upon their logistic department (Mathiyazhagan et al., 2013). It is highly important for the companies to build a strong and long-term relationship with the suppliers for conducting sustainable business in competitive market. However, the process of logistic department is depending upon diffe rent external factors, which can create barriers for the logistic department while delivering products to the consumers. Manufacturing: In this step, managers of an organization determine the process of production, testing, packaging and product or service delivery. In this process, an organization focuses on the internal process of the organization. As per the viewpoint of Sarkis (2012), the internal process refers to the performance quality of the workforce and their work productivity. Moreover, the managers are implementing strategies for enhancing performance quality of the workforce, which influence the quality of the product or services. The major aim of the managers is to improving the product quality for satisfying the consumers needs and expectations. However, Ashby, Leat and Hudson-Smith (2012) opposed that understanding the consumers expectation accurately is not possible for an organization. Organizations only can predict consumers buying behavior, which helps the organization in influencing purchase decision in an effective manner. In case of quality testing process, organizations monitor the product quality for ensuring the consumers regarding the product quality (Walker Jones, 2012). Retail industry is considering this factor for retaining their consumers, which helps in gaining competitive advantages. However, this industry is dealing with high quantity sales and therefore, it is difficult for the organizations to maintain the product quality in frequent rate. Delivery: This is the fourth stage of supply chain management in which organizations deliver the product to the consumers. Apart from that, managers coordinate with the order receipt for preparing the product. According to Paulraj, Chen and Blome (2015), this is the most important step of supply chain management in which organizations reduce cost and increases profitability. However, the delivery process is sometimes influenced by some external factors, which reduces organizational performance. In order to satisfy the consumers, managers focuses on time reduction of the delivery process. In addition, the managers are also considering the cost deduction while delivering the product to the end users (Simpson et al., 2015). Homebase is focusing on reducing the delivery cost and time for enhancing organizational profitability in an effective manner. In this section of supply chain management, delivery of the product is taken into consideration. The product can be delivered directly to th e consumers or it can be the suppliers and wholesaler. In either case, it helps the company in increasing product availability among the targeted market. In current days, consumers buying preference is changing rapidly. As stated by Golicic and Smith (2013), the consumers are willing to buy a product after comparing with different brand. Therefore, Homebase has developed the online retail store, which is allowing the company in delivering the product directly to the consumers. Apart from Homebase, many other organizations such as Amazon and Alibaba are using this process of supply chain for satisfying their consumers (Govindan et al., 2014). Previously, Homebase was implementing the traditional process of product delivery; however, in current days, the company has adopted this innovation for gaining competitive edge. Monitoring: According to Seuring and Gold (2012), this is the final step of supply chain management, which allows the managers to review the entire process of supply chain management for investigating the organizational performance. If one of the steps of supply chain fails, then the entire mechanism of the organization will be hampered and the organization may face critical situation. Therefore, it is important for the managers to conduct continuous monitoring process for getting successful outcome (Tatoglu et al., 2015). A successful process monitoring enables the company in gathering consumers feedbacks for identifying that whether the consumers are satisfied with the service or not. Depending on consumers feedbacks, companies are improving their internal process. However, Priem and Swink (2012) mentioned that there are many risk factors are associated with this process of change. In order to avoid the negative impact of change, an organization investigates the risk factors and ta kes necessary action for reducing negative impact of the risk factors. The retail industry is focusing on enhancing the service quality; while on the other hand, the manufacturing industry is considering the internal process for ensuring the product quality (Beske, Land and Seuring, 2014). For example, Homebase is monitoring the manufacturing process and the delivery process along with the entire supply chain process for satisfying the consumers needs and requirements. Elements for delivery cost reduction Communication with shipping representatives According to Beske and Seuring (2014), every organization is delivering their products to the consumers with the help of the shipping representative. The role of the shipping representatives is to negotiate the shipping cost with the shipping company. Therefore, it is highly important for the retail organizations to communicate with the representatives for reducing the cost of delivery. Moreover, this process helps a retail organization in making the delivery process more comfortable, which is important for satisfying the consumers as well. However, Awudu and Zhang (2012) have argued that in this process, a retail organization needs to build a long-term relationship with the representatives for maintaining a low delivery cost. Along with that, the company needs to ship bulk amount of products for considering the benefits of the representatives. Flat rate of shipping There are different shipping companies offering flat rate for delivering products. However, the cost of delivery is depending on the geographical location (Zhu, Sarkis Lai, 2012). A retail organization needs to consider the shipment location before choosing the shipping company. In addition, shipping companies are offering a free packaging for the products, which is highly beneficial for the retail companies and therefore, selecting the shipping company is the most sensitive task for a retail organization. As per the viewpoint of Guang et al. (2012), the cost of delivery is depending on the product weight and the delivery zone as well. Therefore, process of flat delivery cost is confusing and the retail organizations need to identify the actual rate chart of the shipment company by communicating with the representative. Communicate with the consumers According to Tatoglu et al. (2015), in order to reduce the delivery cost, it is highly important to communicate the consumers to know their requirements. For example, a consumer may need the product within a day. In that case, the company should avail air journey for delivering the product. However, Golicic and Smith (2013) stated that if the consumers dont require the product within a day, then the company can reduce the shipment cost by availing a rode transit. The internal process of a retail organization is playing a major role in this aspect (Walker Jones, 2012). Apart from that, use of innovative technology can help the company in knowing the customers needs and requirements in an effective manner. Therefore, it can be said that using the appropriate delivery process for the appropriate consumer can reduce the delivery cost of the product. Determine the delivery cost Determining the delivery cost for a particular product is a complex process. It is highly important for the company to set different delivery cost for deferent location (Mathiyazhagan et al. 2013). Apart from that, the product weight is also a considerable factor, which influences the delivery cost. In case of Homebase, the company is dealing with home improvement products and therefore, the products are difficult to handle on the time of transit. According to Green et al. (2012), it is highly important for the company to provide a quality packaging for reducing chances of product damage. A consumer will never pay for a damage product. Therefore, the company needs to invest certain amount in product packaging for reducing the entire delivery cost. However, Pagell and Shevchenko (2014) has argued that the delivery cost needs to be taken from the consumers for reducing overall organizational for a product. Packaging The packaging material can reduce the overall weight of the package. Therefore, it is highly important for the company to determine the required material for packaging the product (Seuring, 2013). Apart from that, the quality of the packaging material should be as per the requirement. A product, which needs a high quality packaging for ensuring low damage on transit, requires a high quality packaging. On the other hand, Brandenburg et al. (2014) opposed that for the products, which are not difficult to handle can be delivered with a low quality packaging. Therefore, a retail company can reduce the overall delivery cost by reducing the packaging cost. Theory of Supply Chain management Lean supply chain approach The term lean refers to the process of reducing the wastage activities for enhancing organizational profitability. According to Tayur, Ganeshan and Magazine (2012), the approach of lean management can be implemented on the manufacturing process. It helps an organization in reducing organizational cost in an effective manner. Apart from that, the approach of lean can also be implemented on the logistic and supply chain of an organization. This approach is focusing on the consumers needs and requirements and depending on the consumers needs and requirements, organizations develop the internal organization process such as supply chain and logistic mechanism by deducting the wastage processes (Zhu, Sarkis Lai, 2012). In addition, adding value to the existing service as per the consumers requirement helps an organization in satisfying the consumers in an effective manner. As per the viewpoint of Lin (2013), in order to increase value of the ultimate service, it is highly important for the company to understand that what are the organizational activities are creating value for the consumers. Reducing the extra organizational activities can reduce the overall organizational cost for the company. When it comes to the supply chain process, there are different activities, which are not creating value for the organization and the consumers as well. Winter and Knemeyer (2013) has stated that this theory of supply chain suggests that reducing the extra organizational activities of supply chain management can reduce the delivery coat of products. In case of logistic activities, an organization monitors the market demand and as per the market demand the organization produces the products. In this process th e organization can reduce cost requirements by identifying the activities, which are not effective for conducting the entire process. However, Ahi and Searcy (2013) have argued that the process of reducing waste activities is very complex and most of the companies are struggling while conducting lean management of supply chain and logistic process. In order to gain competitive advantage, retain industry is focusing on reducing their manufacturing and delivering cost as well (Tayur, Ganeshan Magazine, 2012). As the retail market is very competitive and every organization is relying upon low pricing strategy, it is not possible for the companies to reduce their product cost for increasing profitability. Therefore, in current days, the intention of business organizations has diverted to the cost of supply chain and the product delivery cost. According to Sarkis (2012), there are different companies are offering home improvement products like Homebase and therefore, the company has implemented a strategy for satisfying the consumers by providing product delivery. However, Paulraj, Chen and Blome (2015) have mentioned that in previous day, the company was using a traditional process for delivering the products. Therefore, there are certain cost involvement has introduced, which the company is reducing by implementing lean theory of supply chain. Questionnaire Evaluating the supply chain management of Homebase in Richmond and Proposing strategies to reduce delivery costs. Section I Description of the existing supply chain for the Dulux supplier: What is your current supply chain model? We receive deliveries direct from suppliers for some product ranges and also through depots. Seasonal stock is delivered initially at the start of the season by a single container direct from the port. Horticulture product is delivered through a specialized depot. What stages include the logistic process? (Please put stages in numerical order). Supplier:1 Central warehouse: Distribution center:2 Local warehouse: Store: Other (please explain) Which operations include every stage? (please tick) Stage Packaging Loading Transportation Unloading Supplier X X X X Central warehouse X X X Distribution center X X X Local warehouse X Store X Other Data analysis In order to gather primary data from Homebase, the researcher has created 27 questions. In this section, managers of the company have provided their viewpoint regarding the supply chain process, which has been adopted by the company. After gathering the primary information, it can be said that Homebase has adopted a lean supply chain model in which the company receive deliveries directly from the suppliers. In order to deliver seasonal stocks, Homebase use single container. The primary data gathered suggests that the logistic process of Homebase includes two major stages such as suppliers and distributor channel. In addition, the operations include in each stages are packaging, loading, transportation and unloading. In this particular process, the current delivery time of Homebase of 6 to 10 days from the date of shipment. Apart from that, manager of Homebase has stated that just 60% to 70% products are delivered on the expected time. In order to adjust ordering volume, Homebase use an automated ordering system. In this particular system, the organization can modify the product quantity during the process. When it comes to the transportation, Homebase has adopted three kinds of transportation system such as central to local warehouse, local warehouse to store and store to customers. The primary data collection process reviled that flexibility in transportation process is one of the major reason of transportation outsourcing. Conclusion After preparing the report, it can be concluded that transport delay is one of the major issue faced by Homebase. Apart from that, from the primary data collection process, it can be said that Homebase has a poor distribution network. As per the literature review, it is highly important to improve the supply chain process in order to reduce delivery cost. Therefore, this report consists of different models, theories and processes of supply chain management. Implementing these processes would reduce the delivery cost for Homebase effectively. References Ahi, P., Searcy, C. (2013). A comparative literature analysis of definitions for green and sustainable supply chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production,52, 329-341 Ashby, A., Leat, M., Hudson-Smith, M. (2012). Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), 497-516 Awudu, I., Zhang, J. (2012). Uncertainties and sustainability concepts in biofuel supply chain management: A review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,16(2), 1359-1368 Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 3-6 Beske, P., Seuring, S. (2014). Putting sustainability into supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: an international journal,19(3), 322-331 Beske, P., Land, A., Seuring, S. (2014). Sustainable supply chain management practices and dynamic capabilities in the food industry: A critical analysis of the literature.International Journal of Production Economics,152, 131-143 Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J., Seuring, S. (2014). Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: Developments and directions.European Journal of Operational Research,233(2), 299-312 Fawcett, S. E., Ellram, L. M., Ogden, J. A. (2014).Supply chain management: from vision to implementation. London: Pearson Golicic, S. L., Smith, C. D. (2013). A meta analysis of environmentally sustainable supply chain management practices and firm performance.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(2), 78-95 Govindan, K., Kaliyan, M., Kannan, D., Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process.International Journal of Production Economics,147, 555-568 Green Jr, K. W., Zelbst, P. 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Why research in sustainable supply chain management should have no future.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), 44-55 Paulraj, A., Chen, I. J., Blome, C. (2015). Motives and performance outcomes of sustainable supply chain management practices: A multi-theoretical perspective.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-20 Priem, R. L., Swink, M. (2012). A demand side perspective on supply chain management.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 7-13 Sarkis, J. (2012). A boundaries and flows perspective of green supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(2), 202-216 Seuring, S. (2013). A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), 1513-1520 Seuring, S., Gold, S. (2012). Conducting content-analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), 544-555 Simpson, D., Meredith, J., Boyer, K., Dilts, D., Ellram, L. M., Leong, G. K. (2015). 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Cummunism Essays - Communism, Socialism, Economic Ideologies

Cummunism Communism Communism is the idea of having a classless society of people where everything is supposed to be owned equally by all. In communism, unlike Marxism there is a peasant revolution instead of a proletariat revolution, and unlike in socialism there is a totalitarian government and there is no private property. Marxism is a classless society brought about through a proletariat revolution. In Marxism the government is just supposed to wither away unlike in communism and socialism. In socialism the government is a representative one where land ownership is shared by both people and the government and there is social welfare, also known as workers rights. Communism has it's bad points, but there are good points to communism, for example, women gained equality underneath the law, such as in jobs and education while before they had very little. Another advantage of communism is that it had provided free education for everyone in the state. There are a lot of other benefits to communism such as free medical care, day care for children, cheap housing, public transportation, and recreation. Communism has good points, as well as points, for example, since Russia everything is equal, and there are no incentives to work harder, workers get lazy and make less products at low quality. Another problem with communism is that there is censorship, and secret police that control every aspect of your life, and you had little privacy and freedom. Another disadvantage to communism is that the standard of living is low and people lived in very poor conditions Economics Essays

Cloud Computing Research Paper

Cloud Computing Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Cloud computing is an emerging model where users can gain access to their applications from anywhere through their connected devices. A simplified user interface makes the infrastructure supporting the applications transparent to users. The applications reside in massively-scalable data centers where compute resources can be dynamically provisioned and shared to achieve significant economies of scale. A strong service management platform results in near-zero incremental management costs when more IT resources are added to the cloud. The proliferation of smart mobile devices, high speed wireless connectivity, and rich browser-based Web 2.0 interfaces has made the network-based cloud computing model not only practical but also a source of reduced IT complexity. Players across the IT industry have announced cloud computing efforts of varying shapes and sizes, leading analysts to attempt to identify various characteristics, such as infrastructure outsourcing, software as a service, and next generation distributed computing, to describe these efforts. Keywords: Clouds, Grid computing, Cloud Storage, SaaS, Server Virtualization, Data Center 1. Introduction Cloud computing comes into focus only when we think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends ITs existing capabilities. The term Cloud Computing derives from the common depiction in most technology architecture diagrams, of the Internet or IP availability, using an illustration of a cloud. The computing resources being accessed are typically owned and operated by a third-party provider on a consolidated basis in Data Center locations. Target consumers are not concerned with the underlying technologies used to achieve the increase in server capability, and is sold simply as a service available on demand. Grid computing is a technology approach to managing a cloud. In effect, all clouds are managed by a grid but not all grids manage a cloud. More specifically, a compute grid and a cloud are synonymous, while a data grid and a cloud can be different. Cloud computing describes both a platform and a type of application. A cloud computing platform dynamically provisions, configures, reconfigures, and deprovisions servers as needed. Cloud applications are those that are extended to be accessible through the Internet. These cloud applications use large data centers and powerful servers that host Web applications and Web services. Cloud computing is an emerging approach to shared infrastructure in which large pools of systems are linked together to provide IT services. Cloud Computing will allow corporate data centers to operate more like the Internet by enabling computing across a distributed, globally accessible fabric of resources, rather than on local machines or remote server systems. Organizations can use them as much as they want and as wireless broadband connection options grow, wherever they need them. It describes how computer programs are hosted and operated over the Internet. The key feature of cloud computing is that both the software and the information held in it live on centrally located servers rather than on a end-user’s computer. A Google spokesperson added, â€Å"This means people can access the information that they need from any device with an Internet connection- including mobile and handheld phones- rather than being chained to the desktop. It also means lower costs, since there is no need to install software or hardware.† The architecture behind cloud computing is a massive network of ‘cloud servers’ interconnected as if in a grid running in parallel, sometimes using the technique of virtualization to maximize compute power per server. The term cloud computing is used for both the platform and the type of application. Cloud computing makes use of servers, physical or virtual, dynamically when the need arises. This type of computing even makes use of other resources such as SANs, network equipment, and security devices. It can also support applications that are accessible through the Internet. These applications make use of large data centers and powerful servers that host Web applications and Web services. 2. Architecture A cloud computing system, can be divided into two sections: the front end and the back end. They connect to each other through a network, usually the Internet. The front end is the side the computer user, or client, sees. The back end is the cloud section of the system. The front end includes the clients computer (or computer network) and the application required to access the cloud computing system. Fig 1 A typical Cloud Computing System Not all cloud computing systems have the same user interface. Most of the time, servers dont run at full capacity. That means theres unused processing power going to waste. Its possible to fool a physical server into thinking its actually multiple servers, each running with its own independent operating system. The technique is called server virtualization. By maximizing the output of individual servers, server virtualization reduces the need for more physical machines.On the back end of the system are the various computers, servers and data storage systems that create the cloud of computing services. In theory, a cloud computing system could include practically any computer program you can imagine, from data processing to video games. Usually, each application will have its own dedicated server. A central server administers the system, monitoring traffic and client demands to ensure everything runs smoothly. It follows a set of rules called protocols and uses a special kind of softw are called middleware. Middleware allows networked computers to communicate with each other. A typical high-level architecture of a cloud computing platform consists of a data center, provisioning manager, monitoring server, application server, and virtualization components. Fig 2 Architecture of Cloud Computing Platform User interaction interface: This is how users of the cloud interface with the cloud to request services. Services catalog: This is the list of services that a user can request. System management: This is the piece which manages the computer resources available. Provisioning tool: This tool carves out the systems from the cloud to deliver on the requested service. It may also deploy the required images. Monitoring and metering: This optional piece tracks the usage of the cloud so the resources used can be attributed to a certain user. Data Servers: The servers are managed by the system management tool. They can be either virtual or real. These components serve as the back-end of the cloud computing environment. Apart from this backend architecture, it even has a couple of user interfaces to provision servers, one fully loaded, and other for basic provisioning requests. All requests are handled by Web 2.0 components deployed on the application server.The trend toward cloud computing started in the late 1980s with the concepts of grid computing when, for the first time, a large number of systems were applied to a single problem, usually scientific methods .Many people ask us what the difference is between grid and cloud computing. The primary difference is how each provides the needed resources to a workload.? In grid computing, the focus is on the ability of moving a workload to the location of the needed computing resources, which are mostly remote and are readily available for use. Usually a grid is a cluster of servers on which a large task could be divided into smaller tasks to run in parallel. From this point of view, a grid could actually be viewed as just one virtual server.?In a cloud environment, computing resouces, such as servers, can be dynamically shaped or carved out from its underlying hardware infrastructure and made available to a workload. In addition, while a cloud does support grid, a cloud can also support nongrid environments, such as a three-tier Web architecture running traditional or Web 2.0 applications. The concept of cloud computing has evolved from the concepts of grid, utility, and SaaS. It is an emerging model where users can gain access to their applications from anywhere through their connected devices. These applications reside in massively-scalable data centers where compute resources can be dynamically provisioned and shared to achieve significant economies of scale. The proliferation of smart mobile devices, high speed wireless connectivity, and rich browser based Web 2.0 interfaces has made the network-based cloud computing model not only practical but also a source of reduced IT complexity. The strength of a cloud is its infrastructure management, enabled by the maturity and progress of virtualization technology to manage and better utilize the underlying resources through automatic provisioning, reimaging, workload rebalancing, monitoring, and systematic change request handling. Although cloud computing is an emerging field of computer science, the idea has been around for a few years. Its called cloud computing because the data and applications exist on a cloud of Web servers In a cloud computing system, theres a significant workload shift. Local computers no longer have to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running applications. The network of computers that make up the cloud handles them instead. Hardware and software demands on the users side decrease. The only thing the users computer needs to be able to run is the cloud computing systems interface software, which can be as simple as a Web browser, and the clouds network takes care of the rest. If a cloud computing company has a lot of clients, theres likely to be a high demand for a lot of storage space. Some companies require hundreds of digital storage devices. Cloud computing systems need at least twice the number of storage devices it requires to keep all its clients information stored. Thats because these devices, like all computers, occasionally break down. A cloud computing system must make a copy of all its clients information and store it on other devices. The copies enable the central server to access backup machines to retrieve data that otherwise would be unreachable. Making copies of data as a backup is called redundancy. Cloud storage refers to saving data to an off-site storage system maintained by a third party. Instead of storing information to your computers hard drive or other local storage device, you save it to a remote database. The Internet provides the connection between your computer and the database. On the surface, cloud storage has several advantages over traditional data storage. If you store your data on a cloud storage system, youll be able to get to that data from any location that has Internet access. You wouldnt need to carry around a physical storage device or use the same computer to save and retrieve your information. With the right storage system, you could even allow other people to access the data, turning a personal project into a collaborative effort.Cloud computing systems offer users access to not only storage, but also processing power and computer applications installed on a remote network. There are hundreds of different cloud storage systems. Some have a very specific focus, such as storing Web e-mail messages or digital pictures. Others are available to store all forms of digital data. Some cloud storage systems are small operations, while others are so large that the physical equipment can fill up an entire warehouse. The facilities that house cloud storag e systems are called data center. Creating an effective data center requires careful planning. The three big concerns every data center must be able to address are security, electric power and cooling: Physical security is just as important as network security. Data servers are valuable not only because the machines themselves are expensive, but also because the data stored on them could include sensitive information. A single data servers power requirements arent very taxing. But when a data center has hundreds of servers, its crucial that the centers electric wiring can support the workload.Like all computers, data servers generate heat. Too much heat can impair or damage servers, so the data center needs an effective cooling system to prevent such problems. Cloud storage systems generally rely on hundreds of data servers. Without redundancy, a cloud storage system couldnt ensure clients that they could access their information at any given time. Most systems store the same data o n servers that use different power supplies. That way, clients can access their data even if one power supply fails. For all the talk about cloud computing becoming a persuasive force it relies on one very simple thing ubiquitous global broadband access. Without this global access for everyone regardless of their economic place in society this move to the cloud on a large scale could end up widening the technological divide that already exists. Cloud computing changes the economics of IT by enabling you to pay only for the capacity that you actually use. Compute capacity can be scaled up or down on demand to accommodate changing workloads and business requirements. Taken to the next step, this implies that cloud computing infrastructures, and specifically their middleware and application platforms, should ideally have these characteristics: Self-healing: In case of failure, there will be a hot backup instance of the application ready to take over without disruption (known as failover). It also means that when a policy is set that says everything should always have a backup, when such a fail occurs and backup becomes the primary, the system launches a new backup, maintaining reliability policies. SLA-driven: The system is dynamically managed by service-level agreements that define policies such as how quickly responses to requests need to be delivered. If the system is experiencing peaks in load, it will create additional instances of the application on more servers in order to comply with the committed service levels - even at the expense of a low-priority application. Multi-tenancy: The system is built in a way that allows several customers to share infrastructure, without the customers being aware of it and without compromising the privacy and security of each customer’s data. Service-oriented: The system allows composing applications out of discrete services that are loosely coupled (independent of each other). Changes to or failure of one service will not disrupt other services. It also means services can be reused. Virtualized: Applications are decoupled from the underlying hardware. Multiple applications can run on one computer (virtualization a la VMWare) or multiple computers can be used to run one application (grid computing). Linearly Scalable: Perhaps the biggest challenge. The system will be predictable and efficient in growing the application. If one server can process 1,000 transactions per second, two servers should be able to process 2,000 transactions per second, and so forth. Data, Data, Data: The key to many of these aspects is management of the data: its distribution, partitioning, security and synchronization. 3. Other Technologies involved Cloud computing is closely related to grid computing and utility computing. It is not a revolutionary new development. Rather it is an evolution that has taken place over several decades. Fig 3 Evolution of Cloud Computing In a grid computing system, networked computers are able to access and use the resources of every other computer on the network. In cloud computing systems, that usually only applies to the back end. Utility computing is a business model where one company pays another company for access to computer applications or data storage. Utility computing relates to the business model in which application infrastructure resources - hardware and/or software - are delivered. While cloud computing relates to the way we design, build, deploy and run applications that operate in an a virtualized environment, sharing resources and boasting the ability to dynamically grow, shrink and self-heal Cloud computing is a broader concept than utility computing and relates to the underlying architecture in which the services are designed. It may be applied equally to utility services and internal corporate data centers. Grid computing is a term for either of two broad subcategories of distributed computing: 4. Cloud Computing Concerns With cloud computing, we are at a point similar to when people started realizing that their money was safer in a bank than under their mattress.Some people envision a future in which the entire Web becomes a massive storage cloud. People will constantly upload and download data to and from the cloud. The concept of data ownership will lose its meaning. Everyone will have access to everything and secrecy will cease to exist. Other people dismiss these ideas and say that cloud storage is just a tool like any other. One issue that information experts, computer scientists and entrepreneurs debate is the concept of data ownership. Who owns the data stored in a cloud system? Does it belong to the client who originally saved the data to the hardware? Does it belong to the company that owns the physical equipment storing the data? What happens if a client goes out of business? Can a cloud storage host delete the former clients data? The biggest concerns about cloud storage are reliability ,privacy and security. The idea of handing over important data to another company worries some people. Corporate executives might hesitate to take advantage of a cloud computing system because they cant keep their companys information under lock and key. Clients arent likely to entrust their data to another company without a guarantee that theyll be able to access their information whenever they want and no one else will be able to get at it. A typical cloud storage system architecture includes a master control server and several storage servers.To secure data, most systems use a combination of techniques, including: Encryption, which means they use a complex algorithm to encode information. To decode the encrypted files, a user needs the encryption key. While its possible to crack encrypted information, most hackers dont have access to the amount of computer processing power they would need to decrypt information. Authentication processes, which require to create a user name and password. Authorization practices Te client lists the people who are authorized to access information stored on the cloud system. Many corporations have multiple levels of authorization. Even with these protective measures in place, many people worry that data saved on a remote storage system is vulnerable. Theres always the possibility that a hacker will find an electronic back door and access data. Hackers could also attempt to steal the physical machines on which data are stored. A disgruntled employee could alter or destroy data using his or her authenticated user name and password. Cloud storage companies invest a lot of money in security measures in order to limit the possibility of data theft or corruption. Its in each companys best interests to provide the most secure and reliable service possible. If a company cant meet these basic client expectations, it doesnt have much of a chance there are too many other options available on the market. 5. Advantages Potential advantages of any cloud computing approach include location of infrastructure in areas with lower costs of real estate and electricity. Sharing of peak-load capacity among a large pool of users, improving overall utilization, separation of infrastructure maintenance duties from domain-specific application development ,separation of application code from physical resources. Ability to use external assets to handle peak loads Not have to purchase assets for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks Storing data in the cloud already has some distinct advantages over client-based access. We can leverage the sheer processing power of the cloud to do things that traditional productivity applications cannot do. â€Å"For instance, users can instantly search over 25 GB worth of e-mail online, which is nearly impossible to do on a desktop. To take another example, each document created through Google Apps is easily turned into a living information source, capable of pulling the latest data from external applications, databases and the Web. This revolutionizes processes as simple as creating a Google spreadsheet to compare stock prices from vendors over time Why would anyone want to rely on another computer system to run programs and store data? Here are just a few reasons: Clients would be able to access their applications and data from anywhere at any time. They could access the cloud computing system using any computer linked to the Internet. Data wouldnt be confined to a hard drive on one users computer or even a corporations internal network.It could bring hardware costs down. Cloud computing systems would reduce the need for advanced hardware on the client side. You wouldnt need to buy the fastest computer with the most memory, because the cloud system would take care of those needs for you. Instead, you could buy an inexpensive computer terminal. The terminal could include a monitor, input devices like a keyboard and mouse and just enough processing power to run the middleware necessary to connect to the cloud system. You wouldnt need a large hard drive because youd store all your information on a remote computer. Corporations that rely on computers have to make sure they have the right software in place to achieve goals. Cloud computing systems give these organizations company-wide access to computer applications. The companies dont have to buy a set of software or software licenses for every employee. Instead, the company could pay a metered fee to a cloud computing company. Servers and digital storage devices take up space. Some companies rent physical space to store servers and databases because they dont have it available on site. Cloud computing gives these companies the option of storing data on someone elses hardware, removing the need for physical space on the front end. Corporations might save money on IT support. Streamlined hardware would, in theory, have fewer problems than a network of heterogeneous machines and operating systems. If the cloud computing systems back end is a grid computing system, then the client could take advantage of the entire networks processing power. Often, scientists and researchers work with calculations so complex that it would take years for individual computers to complete them. On a grid computing system, the client could send the calculation to the cloud for processing. The cloud system would tap into the processing power of all available computers on the back end, significantly speeding up the calculation. By reducing the traditional costs and labor associated with deploying, maintaining and upgrading business technology, IT departments are increasingly becoming free to devote their limited resources to projects more strategic to the business. And since software lives in the cloud, it can be improved as often as needed without tying up the IT department or inconveniencing users. This â€Å"versionless† software eliminates upgrade projects and helps technology keep pace wi th the speed of business, giving employees access to new technology early and often rather than forcing them to wait for a final, packaged product to be shipped. 6 Current Implementations IBM is the most recent company to announce plans to tap cloud computing technologies. On Nov. 15, IBM executives in Shanghai unveiled a system, dubbed Blue Cloud, that will let banks and other customers distribute their programs across large numbers of machines to deliver faster, more sophisticated data analysis. The first Blue Cloud products are due in the spring of 2008. Googles search engine and productivity applications are among the early products of efforts to locate processing power on vast banks of computer servers, rather than on desktop PCs. Microsoft has released online software called Windows Live for photo-sharing, file storage, and other applications served from new data centers. Yahoo has taken similar steps. Amazon.com (AMZN) recently broadened access for software developers to its Elastic Compute Cloud service, which lets small software companies pay for processing power streamed from Amazons data centers. It enables you to increase or decrease capacity within minutes, not hours or days. You can commission one, hundreds or even thousands of server instances simultaneously Web e-mail providers like Gmail, Hotmail and Yahoo! Mail store e-mail messages on their own servers. Users can access their e-mail from computers and other devices connected to the Internet. Sites like Flickr and Picasa host millions of digital photographs. YouTube hosts millions of user-uploaded video files.Web site hosting companies like StartLogic, Hostmonster and GoDaddy store the files and data for client Web sites.Social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace allow members to post pictures and other content. All of that content is stored on the respective sites servers. Services like Xdrive, MediaMax and Strongspace offer storage space for any kind of digital data.Cloud computing is particularly valuable to small and medium businesses, where effective and affordable IT tools are critical to helping them become more productive without spending lots of money on in-house resources and technical equipment. â€Å"But we are seeing large businesses moving to the cloud as well, for a variety of reasons, such as cost savings, remote access, ease of availability and real-time collaboration capabilities. Cloud computing can be used in a variety of areas including intern al pilots, hosting virtual worlds, e-business, social networks, and search. In the future, cloud computing would be able to solve many management related issues of organizations and help make the best use of resources available within an organization. 7. References ?1) Web Service for Estimating Capacity and Performance of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Workloads, October 2006 at www.software.ibm.com/software/dw/wes/hipods/SONOM 2)www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/zones/hipods/library.html 3) IBM’s Vision For The New Enterprise Data Center, March 2008 at www.ibm.com/systems/optimizeit/datacenter/pdf/NEDC_POV_MAR_2008_-_02.pdf 4) Consensus Routing: The Internet as a Distributed System John P. John Ethan Katz-Bassett 5) Market-Oriented Cloud Computing:, Rajkumar Buyya, Chee Shin Yeo, and Srikumar Venugopal, Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC-08, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, USA), Sept. 25-27, 2008, Dalian, China. Research Papers on Cloud Computing Research PaperOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part One

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

Reflection paper - Essay Example Each one of us is familiar with the experience of having to drive several times around city blocks looking for parking space. In this article, Donald Shoup says that various studies have shown that on average 36% of cars in congested downtown traffic were cruising, looking for curb parking. The article cites a 2008 study for a 15-block area of Upper West side of Manhattan where the average cruising time was only 3.1 minutes and the average cruising distance only 0.37 miles. Even for such small time and distance, the high traffic density causes 366,000 miles of excess travel that puts out 325 tons of carbon dioxide every year into the atmosphere in the area. As we know from our own experience, cruising times and distances in most large cities is several times larger than the Manhattan area numbers cited above. Urban planners have sought to remedy urban parking problems by legislation requiring any new redevelopment plans in downtown areas to provide space for off-street parking. The high prices for land in such areas or the simple fact of non-availability of sufficient land have prevented much needed redevelopment in crowded downtown areas. The second solution attempted has been to install parking meters and charge high prices for parking and time limits such as 30 minutes or one hour for parking. These time limits are often impractical. For example someone going for a meal in a restaurant or for a show in a theater would need much longer parking time. High parking rates are also opposed by retailers and businesses in the area that fear that these rates would drive their customers away to other streets where parking may be easier. Donald Shoup advocates a deceptively simple solution for the urban parking problem. He recommends that parking prices be set to achieve an optimum 85% occupancy rate which translates to 1 or 2 open slots in a city

Understanding HR concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding HR concepts - Essay Example Evidently, human resource managers use training as a performance appraisal tool, which they conduct either after selection of the employees or during a specific time of the year. Organizations such as Ubisoft initiate a yearly program of performance appraisal as part of their talent development strategy. The value of employee training is an issue that has drawn a lot of controversy within the field of research. Research shows that employee training is a complex and expensive process that demands both time and resources from the organization. Therefore, training increases an organization’s expenses within a year, a feature that has become undesirable for many organizations. During a century of intensive business competition, organizations are experiencing financial constraints and their priority is to minimise any expenses. Some organizations have eliminated their training programs as one way of cutting the costs of production. However, there is evidence that employee training may have a wide range of benefits for an organization. First, training keeps the employees motivated and gives them the zeal to work confidently within their department. Secondly, there is evidence that trained employees have a higher work output and this contributes to an increase in the profit generate d within a year. In addition, employee training helps to develop employee’s talents to help them grow as the organization grows (Bratton & Gold, 2001). This explains why large companies have elaborate training programs that seek to improve the employee performance. However, there are obstacles to employee training programs that the human resource managers must anticipate while implementing performance appraisal. Training may become ineffective when employee have acquired optimal performance and feel that they cannot learn more. In this case, investing in employee training does not improve worker performance. In other cases, the employees may feel

Aristotle Essay Essay Example for Free

Aristotle Essay Essay Aristotle Despite being Plato’s student, Aristotle’s views conflict with his teacher’s. The biggest difference being that Aristotle was a realist; he saw the value in studying the physical world and trusted his senses, unlike Plato who believed in the world of forms. Plato believed that we need to look beyond the physical world for a metaphysical explanation of the universe, Aristotle refuted this. Aristotle observed nature and used logic and reason to explain how it works; he tried to find the ‘action’ of why things exist and tried to make sense of them. Also, Aristotle’s approach was imperial and he trusted the use of reason based on his experience. Aristotle rejected Plato’s dualism; he thought that the body and soul are one, as the brain and body are. This opposes Plato’s views that the body and soul were separate. Aristotle believed in the four causes, the principal that everything has four causes of existence: Material cause – refers to what a thing is made of, Aristotle used the example of a bronze sculpture and a silver saucer, Aristotle would say that bronze or silver is the material cause. However, an object can have more than one material cause, for example, the laptop I’m typing on is made of plastic, metal, wires and glass; these would all be material causes. The material cause also counters Plato’s theory of the world of forms, he would say that my laptop has a perfect form however, it is made up of individual things in order to be a laptop, all of the things it is made up of must have their own perfect form according to Plato, making his theory contradictive. Formal cause – refers to the structure of an object, the shape it takes that makes it what it is. It is what we recognise as the thing we are looking at. An object must have a specific order in order to be what it is, for example, a bronze sculpture is not just a lump of bronze, and it has been shaped into a sculpture in order to function, as my laptop has been assembled into an order so it works. Efficient cause – refers to how the object has changed from a state of potentiality to what it is, for example, the way a bronze sculpture has been taken from a lump of bronze chiselled until it is made into a statue by the sculptor. The efficient cause of an object may not be as simple as this i. e. my laptop’s efficient cause may vary from machines and people to plastic moulds and screwdrivers. It is the cause of the change. Final cause – refers to the purpose of an objects being; the purpose of a sculpture might be to be admired, the purpose of my laptop is to let me watch videos of cats playing musical instruments on YouTube. Aristotle uses the example of health being the cause of walking, Why does one walk? he asks, that one may be healthy. The final cause is perhaps the most important of all of the causes. Aristotle’s understanding did not end there, he said that once something has achieved a state of actuality, it will be in a state of potentiality, for example, take ‘whiteness’, when my shirt is washed and becomes clean and ‘white’ but it has the potential to become dirty and ‘not white’ anymore. Aristotle also came up with the idea of the Prime Mover. The Prime Mover is, according to Aristotle, the ultimate and final cause of the universe. He said that everything in the universe is in a state of change (motus) so the Prime Mover must exist outside the universe, so that it is not affected by what happens inside. The Prime Mover cannot change, because to change something must exist in a state of actuality and have the potential to change i. e. an actual child is a potential adult. Aristotle does not consider the Prime Mover as a God, because a god is a living being which effects what happens in the world, however, the Prime Mover does not affect what happens in the universe, it is just the cause of it. Aristotle says that the Prime Mover has to exist because the universe has to have a cause. The Prime Mover also has to be eternal, because if something comes into existence it must be caused by something else.

Inca :: essays research papers

The Inca The Incas were a distinct people with a distinct language living in a highland center, Cuzco. They were an ancient people, but had been subject to the regional powers during the entire history of South American urban cultures. They began to expand their influence in the twelfth century and in the early sixteenth century, they exercised control over more territory than any other people had done in South American history. The empire consisted of over one million individuals, spanning a territory stretching from Ecuador to northern Chile. Unlike the military empires in Central America, the Incas ruled by proxy. After conquering a people, they would incorporate local rulers into their imperial system, generously reward anyone who fought for them, and treated well all those conquered people who cooperated. So, in reality, the inca">Inca "empire," as the invading Spanish called it, was not really an empire. It was more of a confederation of tribes with a single people, the Incas, more or less in control. Each of these tribes was ruled independently by a council of elders; the tribe as a whole gave its allegiance to the ruler, or "Inca." The "Inca" was divine; he was the descendant of the sun-god. The social structure of the Incas was extremely inflexible. At the top was the Inca who exercised, theoretically, absolute power. Below the Inca was the royal family which consisted of the Inca's immediate family, concubines, and all his children. This royal family was a ruling aristocracy. Each tribe had tribal heads; each clan in each tribe had clan heads. At the very bottom were the common people who were all grouped in squads of ten people each with a single "boss." The social unit, then, was primarily based on cooperation and communality. This guaranteed that there would always be enough for everyone; but the centralization of authority meant that there was no chance of individual advancement (which was not valued). It also meant that the system depended too much on the centralized authority; once the invading Spanish seized the Inca and the ruling family, they were able to conquer the Inca territories with lightening speed. Conquered people were required to pay a labo r tax (mita ) to the state; with this labor tax, the Incas built an astonishing network of roads and terraced farmlands throughout the Andes. Agriculture was tough business in the Andes. The Incas actively set about carving up mountains into terraced farmlands—so successful were they in turning steep mountainsides into terraced farms, that in 1500 there was more land in cultivation in the Andean highlands then there is today.